TELEFON

[Construction – Section 231]

The telephone is a communications medium for the transmission of sounds and language. This is done via electrical signals.
The system contains roughly divided three components: the apparatus (implementation of sound into electrical signals and back, as well as components for the control of the connection, the actual telephone; telephone-exchange; the channel to transfer (now also time slots or radio channels).

Telephones:

The sound is through a microphone into electrical signals changed by the recipient as a sound wave. The conversion at the transmitter site can be taking advantage of various physical effects. To change such as a carbon microphone in the electrical resistance under the influence of acoustic waves. Microphones after the electrostatic principle are also used in some other systems.

The membrane-coil arrangement under-utilization of electromagnetic induction then generates a signal voltage.
On the receiving side, according to the membrane components coil principle-in the last few years even more speakers (electrodynamic). Even piezo-elektrical hearing capsules also find application (depending on the year of construction and class of the device). Today, fiber-optic cables are used.

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