Seramik

[Construction - Section 144]

OTHER CERAMIC MATERIALS THAN OXIDES:

In the broad sense of all minerals mixtures, after burning solids, as ceramics, and all hardening amorphous materials as glasses (there are organic glasses, for example from sugar, Boron glasses etc.). Examples of such ceramics are the so-called Egyptian faience from quartz sand and soda, various soft porcellaine (for example bone china with phosphates), silicon carbide, etc.

Aid materials:

Condenser-water glass or phosphates alter the electrical properties of preparing water so that the clay parts remain in limbo, and only by the suction effect of form gipsum adhere to the wall. The same is true for alternate means of a glazeing in limbo. Imprisonment means, such as cellulose, vinylazetat (white glue), sugar etc. provide a better adhesion of the glaze on the shards, thus facilitating the glaze contract, the handling glazed objects and facilitate the task of further glaze- decor or color shifts.

COLOURS AND ZIRCONIUM

Ceramic colours are pigments based at first on zirconium. They are used directly in enamel tiles, enamel slips, pottery wares, coloured wall tiles, sanitary ware, and kitchen tiles and so on. Zirconium makes different colours: based on main colours like yellow, red, blue, green and pink colours, dyes and stains. They are used for the directly for producing of coloured wall tiles.

Overglazing: Ceramic colours at nearly low temperatures are widely used for decorations on glazed ceramic parts and to produce ceramic articles.

Underglazing: Ceramic colours are commonly used for decorations on unglazed ceramic wares. They often are finally covered with a transparency glaze. The main raw materials are zirconium, glass-flues and pigments. Raw batch (4 MT) of materials is required for every 3 MT (of glass flux) to be made. Mostly stains are fired blends (metal and ceramic oxides), that has regrounding in to a very fine powder. Because stains produce more lasting, durable and repeatable colours than other raw oxide colours.